The objectives of this research were to 1) study the environment that affects the growth of Anoectochilus burmanicus Rolfe and 2) study LEDs affecting the growth and bioactive compound contents of A. burmanicus Rolfe. For the first part; study sites were located in Ban Pong Krai Forest, Pong Yang Sub District, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province. The plant survey considered two types, 9 plots 2m x 2m, and 1 plot 10m x 10m using specific sampling method at 1,000 meters above the mean sea level (MASL). Altitude, soil temperature, and light intensity were measured. Soil samples at 0-30 cm. in each plot were collected for soil properties analysis. The number and density of A. burmanicus Rolfe in each plot were collected. Morphological characteristics were recorded. The relationship between environment factors, plant growth and density was subjected to analysis of Pearson’s correlation. The results of this research showed that the some environment factors of the undisturbed dry to evergreen forest, such as the height, the acidic-alkaline soil, the amount of high organic matter in the soil, the moderately high nutrients in the soil and shaded conditions were suitable conditions for the growth of A. burmanicus Rolfe.
In the second part; A. burmanicus Rolfe. were cultured in a temperature-controlled room at 25 oC under light density 20 ?molm-2s-1 .Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was conducted by exposing to LEDs red light (RL) and blue light (BL) in ratio of RL to BL was 3: 1, 1: 1, 1: 3., white LEDs (WL) and fluorescent light (FL) for 12 hours a day for 24 weeks to investigate the effects of various light qualities on growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal density and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The results showed that RL:BL (3:1) had positive effects on A. burmanicus Rolfe ; leaf number, leaf width, leaf length , root number, root length, chlorophyll A content, chlorophyll B content, total chlorophyll content increased significantly. RL: BL (1:1) treatment showed significantly higher stem diameter. WL treatment showed significantly higher bush width, fresh weight and dry weight. FL treatment showed significantly higher stem high. RL:BL (3:1) showed significantly higher total phenolic contents, total flavonoids contents and %DPPH than the others. FL showed significantly higher total polysaccharides contents than the others.