Biodiversity-Based Economy is a human resource-based of economic development to use the four factors in object-oriented livelihood such as food, clothing, housing and medicine. Biodiversity in wetlands is also a resource-based and ecosystem service that supports the livelihood of people in local communities. Knowledge about biological resources of the system depicts how people gain knowledge from their experiences, the local wisdom and values they learned from their ancestors which were applied on their daily real-life situations in the local communities involved and foremost, they learned how to solve their own problems to change their lives accordingly. Qualitative research was designed in this study to investigate the Biodiversity resource management of the Upper Northern Thailand. This study was intended to process the status of knowledge about the economic-based of biological communities including biodiversity and local knowledge. Systems analysis including the management of biodiversity on the economic-based aspect of the community and the analysis of policies and measures to support the government in the management of biological resources of the community were also involved. The result findings revealed that biodiversity was a potential strength of Thailand which found to be in relationship with local culture and lifestyle. The cost of living associated with the use of biological resources and traditional knowledge was also found to be associated with the scientific knowledge and technology on the basis of conservation for sustainable use and ways to share the benefits of the community in support for biodiversity development. A review of the research also found that many communities in the Upper Northern Thailand were knowledgeable on exploitation and conservation of wild plants and herbs for sustainable genetic diversity as well as on ways in producing hybrid forms of agriculture to produce foodfor family consumption. This could be seen from the case studies of networks on Monya Pa Daed’s conservation and management of biodiversity and herbs as well as biodiversity based economy for food security in Wieng Nong Lom. The policy was also found to have had the inadequacy of local knowledge on management system, transfer process, including the lack of networking and learning. The flow changes resulting from the Biodiversity and ecosystem changes affecting intellectual culture change and the communities involved could take advantage of the resources and Biodiversity treatment longer.