Onion residue is a waste from onion syrup process. Cellulose is a component of the wastes which could be hydrolyzed to fermentable sugar for ethanol production. The aim of this research is to produce ethanol from onion (Hom-kaek) residue. Onion waste was hydrolyzed by chemical (NaOH and HCl) and biological (cellulase) and produce to ethanol by fermentation. The results found that the optimal conditions for hydrolysis were 3.0 % HCl with heating at 121 oC for 60 min. After acid hydrolysis, the onion waste was then incubated by cellulase with 12,000 U/ml at 30 oC for 3 hours released reducing sugar 3.75 mg/ml. Fermentation, the reducing sugar was concentrated to 20 oBrix for ethanol fermentation, yeast extract 10 g/ml, urea 6.4 g/ml, KH2PO4 1 g/ml and MgSO4.7H20 10 g/ml were added. Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339 with 3.24 ? 106 cell/ml was cultured. Highest alcohol content with 5% (v/v) was produced at day 3 of cultivation